2025.01.20

[Doctor Supervised] The Relationship Between Alzheimer’s Disease and Oxidative Stress: Prevention and Management Tips Explained

One of the three major types of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, significantly impacts daily life with symptoms such as cognitive impairment and memory loss.

 

Oxidative stress is identified as one of the causes of Alzheimer’s disease. Since oxidative stress causes irreversible damage to brain nerve cells, early prevention is crucial. Lifestyle changes, such as improving diet and habits, can reduce risks, so start with small steps whenever you realize the need.

 

This article explores the relationship between Alzheimer’s disease and oxidative stress and provides actionable prevention strategies.

 

What Is Alzheimer’s Disease?

 

Dementia refers to a group of symptoms and conditions caused by the reduction or destruction of brain nerve cells due to various factors. Among dementia types, Alzheimer’s disease accounts for over 60%, along with Lewy body dementia and vascular dementia, collectively called the three major dementias, which together comprise over 80% of all dementia cases.

 

Alzheimer’s disease occurs more frequently in women and progresses slowly over time. Its primary cause is believed to be the accumulation of substances like amyloid-beta in the brain, leading to hippocampal atrophy and symptoms such as memory loss and cognitive impairment. Unlike age-related forgetfulness, Alzheimer’s-related memory loss involves difficulty recalling new events or remembering even with hints, significantly affecting daily life.

 

Causes of Alzheimer’s Disease

 

The causes of dementia vary by type. The main cause of Alzheimer’s disease is thought to be the accumulation of brain waste products such as amyloid-beta, but recent studies suggest oxidative stress also plays a significant role.

 

Accumulation of Unnecessary Brain Substances

One primary cause of Alzheimer’s is the buildup of unnecessary substances like amyloid-beta and tau proteins—referred to as “brain waste”—in the brain. These substances disrupt normal brain nerve cell function, eventually leading to cell death and brain atrophy.

 

Reduced Autophagy Function Due to Oxidative Stress

The brain requires a large amount of oxygen for its activities—around 25% of the body’s total oxygen intake. This high oxygen demand results in significant production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress. Additionally, once brain cells die, they cannot regenerate, making the brain particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress damage.

 

“Autophagy” is a cellular mechanism for cleaning up waste within the body, breaking down excess cells and abnormal proteins to maintain normal cellular function. While the brain relies on autophagy regularly, its effectiveness decreases with aging and increased oxidative stress. This reduced autophagy function leads to the accumulation of brain waste, further increasing oxidative stress and damaging brain nerve cells.

 

Prevention and Management of Alzheimer’s Disease

 

Currently, no definitive cure exists for Alzheimer’s disease. Therefore, prevention and early management are essential. Alzheimer’s is often referred to as a 35-year disease, meaning symptoms might start decades before diagnosis. Preventive measures must begin well before symptoms become noticeable.

 

Lower Oxidative Stress Levels

Reducing oxidative stress can help preserve autophagy function, making it an effective preventive measure. Avoid habits that increase oxidative stress, such as smoking, excessive drinking, UV exposure, and chronic stress.

 

Improving Diet

A balanced diet rich in antioxidants like vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids, and polyphenols can support the body’s antioxidant system. Include green and yellow vegetables, nuts, and low-glycemic foods in your meals to reduce oxidative stress.

 

Regular Exercise

Moderate exercise improves the body’s antioxidant capacity, helping to combat oxidative stress. Aim for activities like brisk walking for 30 minutes, two to three times a week.

 

Scientific Supplementation

If lifestyle changes are challenging, consider taking scientifically backed supplements to reduce oxidative stress. Choose supplements with reliable evidence and avoid being misled by exaggerated claims.

 

Conclusion

Alzheimer’s disease, a leading cause of dementia, lacks a definitive cure, but its progression can be managed with early intervention. Building a lifestyle that reduces oxidative stress—through proper diet, exercise, and avoiding harmful habits—can significantly lower the risk.